This volume is designed to assist facilitators and partners of co-management processes. It provides guidelines for multi-stakeholder management of natural resources and describes in detail relevant concepts, methods and tools. The emphasis is on practical approaches and advice, in line with the experience gained in field initiatives promoted by GTZ and IUCN. The text is accompanied by definition boxes, example boxes, checklists, annexes illustrating participatory methods and tools of particular relevance for co-management processes, lessons learned, tips for action and a list of references and suggested readings. Readers are fully authorised to reproduce this paper in part or in total for non-commercial purposes, provided the source is quoted.

Citation: Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Farvar, M. T., Nguinguiri, J. C. & Ndangang, V. A.: Co-management of Natural Resources: Organising, Negotiating and Learning-by-Doing. GTZ and IUCN, Kasparek Verlag, Heidelberg (Germany), 2000.

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Publishing details Foreword Preface and Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1. Overview 1.1. Co-managment 1.2. Concepts and approaches contributing to understanding and practicing co-management - Adaptive management - Pluralism - Governance - Patrimony - Conflict management - Social communication - Taking account of concepts, approaches and values in a co-management process: a schematic view 2. The preparatory phase 2.1. Assessing the need for co-management and the process feasibility 2.2. Assessing the human and financialresources available 2.3. Establishing a start-up team 2.4. Gathering information and tools (such as maps) on the main ecological and social issues 2.5. Identifying in a preliminary way the natural resource management unit(s) 2.6. Identifying in a preliminary way the institutional actors to participate in natural resource management - Identifying potential institutional actors: a checklist - The roots of entitlements: examples of grounds on which to claim a role in natural resource management - Towards empowered and responsible institutional actors: a schematic view 2.7. Launching and maintaining social communication initiatives 2.8. Engaging the institutional actors 2.9. Assessing the need for co-management and the process feasibility 2.10. Assessing the need for co-management and the process feasibility - Results of the preparatory phase - Promoting equity in co-managment: some examples and ideas - Including equity considerations in the process towards empowered and responsible institutional actors: a schematic view 3. The negotiation phase 3.1. Agreeing on the rules and procedures of negotiation - Main qualities and tasks of a good facilitator/mediator - An example of a set of rules for the negotiation process 3.2. Developing a common vision of the desired future 3.3. Ritualising the common vision 3.4. Reviewing the current socio-ecological situation and trends - Methods and tools for situation analysis 3.5. Agreeing on a common strategy towards the common vision 3.6. Negotiating management plans and agreements for each component of the strategy - Methods and tools to agree on a course of action - Agreements, disagreements, consensus and compromise 3.7. Agreeing on specific CM organisations - Functions and characteristics of co-management organisations 3.8. Legitimising and publicising the co-management plans,agreements and organisations - Results of the negotiation phase 4. The learning-by-doing phase 4.1. Setting to work the co-managment plans, agreements and organisations 4.2. Clarifying the entitlements and responsibilities of the institutional actors 4.3. Collecting data and information as described in follow-up protocols 4.4. identifying the main factors with an impact on natural resources and stakeholders, and experimenting with innovations 4.5. Evaluating co-management plans, agreements and organisations - Examples of process indicators for co-management - Results of the learning-by-doing phase 5. The co-management process: a summary view 6. Lessons learned and tips for action - Lessons and tips for all phases and seasons - Lessons and tips for the preparatory phase - Lessons and tips for the central phase of negotiation - Lessons and tips for learning-by-doing Annexes 1. Participatory methods and tools for co-managment - Street or village theatre (and film shows) - Community radioprogrammes - Land-use mapping - Historical mapping - Transect walks and diagrams - Trend analysis - Brainstorming - Structured brainstorming - Guided visioning - Problem-causes-effects tree - Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunites and threats/limitations (SWOT) 2. Example of the 'common vision of the desired future' of a rural community 3. Example of a strategy (components and objectives) to achieve the common vision 4. Learning-by-doing: the experience of the Co-management programme in the Congo Basin - Activities - Results - Initial lessons learned References and suggested readings IUCN, GTZ & CMWG: The organisations and groups involved in this publication

Comments and suggestions for improvement will be very much appreciated and acknowledged in future documents dealing with lessons learned and guidelines. These may be sent by e-mail to the authors at: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]